Слова, которые звучат одинаково, но значение и написание у них разное, называют омофонами.
Русскому человеку трудно представить себе как могут одинаково звучащие слова на письме отличаться? И не удивительно, ведь звук у одной буквы, как правило, тоже один. В английском же языке такое явление является нормой.
Например: "aye", "eye" and "I". В транскрипции выглядят как [ai], при этом "aye" – , aye, aye! (мор.) Есть!
"eye" – (сущ.), "глаз"
"I" – (личн.мест.), я"
Обратное явление – синонимии – встречается во всех языках, однако только английский язык отличается несоответствием произношения и написания.
Особенно богат омофонами британский английский, и основная сложность состоит в том, чтобы правильно определить на слух, какое слово было употреблено в том или другом предложении.
В то же время, англичане не чувствуют дискомфорта из-за наличия в речи таких несоответствий. Наоборот, за последние десятилетия, в связи с ускорившимся технологическим прогрессом, количество новых слов, заимствованных или приобретенных варваризмов, подобных омофонов стало только больше. Поэтому тема об употреблении и правильном написании английских омофонов для неанглоязычных людей только усложнилась.
Конечно же, знание написания слова (spelling) может помочь по смыслу догадаться, что именно было сказано, также полезно «консультироваться» у словаря, используя фонетические структуры слов.
Чтобы точно выделить, что такое омофоны, рассмотрим все возможные варианты несоответствий, их комбинации и характеристики:
| Spelling | Pronunciation | Meaning | Classification | Example |
| Same | Different | Different | Homonym | accept – принять, refuse – отказывать |
| Different | Same | Different | Homophone | accept – принять, except – за исключением |
| Same | Same | Different | Multiple meanings | trap – ловушка |
| Different | Different | Same | Synonym | rare/uncommon –редкий / нераспростаненный |
| Same | Different | Same | Alternative pronuncation | neither / 'naIðə , 'ni:ðə / |
| Different | Same | Same | Alternative spelling | jail/gaol |
Список самых распространенных Homophones
| accessary, accessory ad, add ail, ale air, heir aisle, I'll, isle all, awl allowed, aloud alms, arms altar, alter arc, ark aren't, aunt ate, eight auger, augur auk, orc aural, oral away, aweigh awe, oar, or, ore axel, axle aye, eye, I bail, bale bait, bate baize, bays bald, bawled ball, bawl band, banned bard, barred bare, bear bark, barque baron, barren base, bass bay, bey bazaar, bizarre be, bee beach, beech bean, been beat, beet beau, bow beer, bier bel, bell, belle berry, bury berth, birth bight, bite, byte billed, build bitten, bittern blew, blue bloc, block boar, bore board, bored boarder, border bold, bowled boos, booze born, borne bough, bow boy, buoy brae, bray braid, brayed braise, brays, braze brake, break bread, bred brews, bruise bridal, bridle broach, brooch bur, burr but, butt buy, by, bye buyer, byre calendar, calender call, caul canvas, canvass cast, caste caster, castor caught, court caw, core, corps cede, seed ceiling, sealing cell, sell censer, censor, sensor cent, scent, sent cereal, serial cheap, cheep check, cheque choir, quire chord, cord cite, sight, site clack, claque clew, clue climb, clime |
close, cloze coal, kohl coarse, course coign, coin colonel, kernel complacent, complaisant complement, compliment coo, coup cops, copse council, counsel cousin, cozen creak, creek crews, cruise cue, kyu, queue curb, kerb currant, current cymbol, symbol dam, damn days, daze dear, deer descent, dissent desert, dessert deviser, divisor dew, due die, dye discreet, discrete doe, doh, dough done, dun douse, dowse draft, draught dual, duel earn, urn eery, eyrie ewe, yew, you faint, feint fah, far fair, fare farther, father fate, fete faun, fawn fay, fey faze, phase feat, feet ferrule, ferule few, phew fie, phi file, phial find, fined fir, fur fizz, phiz flair, flare flaw, floor flea, flee flex, flecks flew, flu, flue floe, flow flour, flower foaled, fold for, fore, four foreword, forward fort, fought forth, fourth foul, fowl franc, frank freeze, frieze friar, fryer furs, furze gait, gate galipot, gallipot gallop, galop gamble, gambol gays, gaze genes, jeans gild, guild gilt, guilt giro, gyro gnaw, nor gneiss, nice gorilla, guerilla grate, great greave, grieve greys, graze grisly, grizzly groan, grown guessed, guest hail, hale hair, hare hall, haul hangar, hanger hart, heart |
haw, hoar, whore hay, hey heal, heel, he'll hear, here heard, herd he'd, heed heroin, heroine hew, hue hi, high higher, hire him, hymn ho, hoe hoard, horde hoarse, horse holey, holy, wholly hour, our idle, idol in, inn indict, indite it's, its jewel, joule key, quay knave, nave knead, need knew, new knight, night knit, nit knob, nob knock, nock knot, not know, no knows, nose laager, lager lac, lack lade, laid lain, lane lam, lamb laps, lapse larva, lava lase, laze law, lore lay, ley lea, lee leach, leech lead, led leak, leek lean, lien lessen, lesson levee, levy liar, lyre licence, license licker, liquor lie, lye lieu, loo links, lynx lo, low load, lode loan, lone locks, lox loop, loupe loot, lute made, maid mail, male main, mane maize, maze mall, maul manna, manner mantel, mantle mare, mayor mark, marque marshal, martial marten, martin mask, masque maw, more me, mi mean, mien meat, meet, mete medal, meddle metal, mettle meter, metre might, mite miner, minor, mynah mind, mined missed, mist moat, mote mode, mowed moor, more moose, mousse morning, mourning muscle, mussel |
naval, navel nay, neigh nigh, nye none, nun od, odd ode, owed oh, owe one, won packed, pact packs, pax pail, pale pain, pane pair, pare, pear palate, palette, pallet pascal, paschal paten, patten, pattern pause, paws, pores, pours pawn, porn pea, pee peace, piece peak, peek, peke, pique peal, peel pearl, purl pedal, peddle peer, pier pi, pie pica, pika place, plaice plain, plane pleas, please plum, plumb pole, poll poof, pouffe practice, practise praise, prays, preys principal, principle profit, prophet quarts, quartz quean, queen rain, reign, rein raise, rays, raze rap, wrap raw, roar read, reed read, red real, reel reek, wreak rest, wrest retch, wretch review, revue rheum, room right, rite, wright, write ring, wring road, rode roe, row role, roll roo, roux, rue rood, rude root, route rose, rows rota, rotor rote, wrote rough, ruff rouse, rows rung, wrung rye, wry saver, savour spade, spayed sale, sail sane, seine satire, satyr sauce, source saw, soar, sore scene, seen scull, skull sea, see seam, seem sear, seer, sere seas, sees, seize sew, so, sow shake, sheikh shear, sheer shoe, shoo sic, sick side, sighed sign, sine sink, synch slay, sleigh sloe, slow sole, soul |
some, sum son, sun sort, sought spa, spar staid, stayed stair, stare stake, steak stalk, stork stationary, stationery steal, steel stile, style storey, story straight, strait sweet, suite swat, swot tacks, tax tale, tail talk, torque tare, tear taught, taut, tort te, tea, tee team, teem tear, tier teas, tease terce, terse tern, turn there, their, they're threw, through throes, throws throne, thrown thyme, time tic, tick tide, tied tire, tyre to, too, two toad, toed, towed told, tolled tole, toll ton, tun tor, tore tough, tuff troop, troupe tuba, tuber vain, vane, vein vale, veil vial, vile wail, wale, whale wain, wane waist, waste wait, weight waive, wave wall, waul war, wore ware, wear, where warn, worn wart, wort watt, what wax, whacks way, weigh, whey we, wee, whee weak, week we'd, weed weal, we'll, wheel wean, ween weather, whether weaver, weever weir, we're were, whirr wet, whet wheald, wheeled which, witch whig, wig while, wile whine, wine whirl, whorl whirled, world whit, wit white, wight who's, whose woe, whoa wood, would yaw, yore, your, you're yoke, yolk you'll, yule |
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